Reconstruction of Violent Tornado Environments in Europe: High‐Resolution Dynamical Downscaling of ERA5

Abstract Approximately 1–3 violent tornadoes hit Europe each decade. We use the ERA5 reanalysis and WRF model to reconstruct environments for 12 cases between 1957 2021. Violent in occur a variety of synoptic mesoscale patterns, but they share environmental similarities with significant from United States. Downscaling simulations 3 km grid‐spacing showed added value improved resolution representing local convective environments. In 8 out simulations, indicated updraft helicity (UH) tracks favorable environment spatial (+/−50 km) temporal (+/−3 hr) proximity tornado report. Tornadoes were accompanied by mean 0–6 wind shear 24.3 m s −1 available potential energy 1678 J kg . The combination UH offers promising results operational forecasting Europe, should be explored future studies.